Basic Computer Abbreviations

ATA—Advanced Technology Attachment

ASCII—American Standard Code for Information Interchange

ARPANET—Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

Ajax—Asynchronous JavaScript and XML

ASP—Active Server Pages/Application Service Provider

API—Application Programming Interface

ATA—Advanced Technology Attachment

ATM—Asynchronous Transfer Mode

BiDi—Bi-Directional

bin—binary 
BAL—Basic Assembly Language

BASIC—Beginner's All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code

BIOS—Basic Input Output System

bps—bits per second

BCD—Binary Coded Decimal

Blog—Web Log

BMP—Basic Multilingual Plane

BT—BitTorrent / Bluetooth

BW—Bandwidth

CAD—Computer-Aided Design

CPU—Central Processing Unit

CIM—Common Information Model

CRS—Computer Reservations System

CRT—Cathode Ray Tube

CLI—Command Line Interface

CDMA—Code Division Multiple Access

CMOS—Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor

CSI—Common System Interface

CD-R—CD-Recordable 
CD-ROM—CD Read-Only Memory

CD-RW—CD-Rewritable

CMOS—Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor

CSV—Comma-Separated Values

COBOL—Common Business-Oriented Language

CGI—Common Gateway Interface /Computer-Generated Imagery

DAO—Data Access Objects

DHTML—Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language

DAT—Digital Audio Tape

DB—Database

DIVX—Digital Video Express

DVD—Digital Video Disc

DVD-R—DVD-Recordable

DVD-ROM—DVD-Read Only Memory

DVD-RW—DVD-Rewritable

DOS—Disk Operating System

DDR—Double Data Rate

DNS—Domain Name System

EEPROM—Electronically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory

ENIAC—Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer

EBCDIC—Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code

EPROM—Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory

ESD—Electrostatic Discharge

FAT—File Allocation Table

FAQ—Frequently Asked Questions

FDD—Floppy Disk Drive

FDMA—Frequency-Division Multiple Access

FS—File System 
FSB—Front Side Bus

FTP—File Transfer Protocol

Gb—Gigabit / GB—Gigabyte 
GIF—Graphics Interchange Format

GPL—General Public License

GPRS—General Packet Radio Service

HD—High Density 
HDD—Hard Disk Drive

HD DVD—High Definition DVD 
HP—Hewlett-Packard

HT—Hyper Threading

HTM—Hierarchical Temporal Memory

HTML—Hypertext Markup Language

HTTP—Hypertext Transfer Protocol

Hz—Hertz

IBM—International Business Machines

IC—Integrated Circuit

ICMP—Internet Control Message Protocol

ICT—Information and Communication Technology

IDE—Integrated Development Environment /Integrated Drive Electronics

IE—Internet Explorer

IIS—Internet Information Services

IM—Instant Messaging

IMAP—Internet Message Access Protocol

I/O—Input/Output

IP—Intellectual Property /Internet Protocol

IrDA—Infrared Data Association

ISA—Industry Standard Architecture /Instruction Set Architecture

iSCSI—Internet Small Computer System Interface

ISDN—Integrated Services Digital Network

ISP—Internet Service Provider

IT—Information Technology

J2EE—Java 2 Enterprise Edition

J2ME—Java 2 Micro Edition

J2SE—Java 2 Standard Edition

JDK—Java Development Kit

JPEG—Joint Photographic Experts Group

JRE—Java Runtime Environment

JS—JavaScript

KB—Keyboard /Kilobyte /Knowledge Base

Kb—Kilobit

kHz—Kilohertz

KVM—Keyboard, Video, Mouse

LED—Light-Emitting Diode

MAN—Metropolitan Area Network

Mb—Megabit

MB—Megabyte

MBR—Master Boot Record

MDI—Multiple Document Interface

MHz—Megahertz

MIDI—Musical Instrument Digital Interface

MMU—Memory Management Unit

MMX—Multi-Media Extensions

MNG—Multiple-image Network Graphics

MPEG—Motion Pictures Experts Group

MOSFET—Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor

MPEG—Motion Pictures Experts Group

MS—Microsoft

MS-DOS—Microsoft DOS

NIC—Network Interface Controller

NTFS—NT Filesystem

NVRAM—Non-Volatile Random Access Memory

OO—Object-Oriented

OS—Open Source /Operating System

P2P—Peer-To-Peer

PAN—Personal Area Network

PATA—Parallel ATA

PC—Personal Computer

PCB—Printed Circuit Board

PC DOS—Personal Computer Disk Operating System

PCI—Peripheral Component Interconnect

PCIe—PCI Express

PERL—Practical Extraction and Reporting Language

PGA—Pin Grid Array

PHP—PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor

PIC—Peripheral Interface Controller /Programmable Interrupt Controller

PLC—Power Line Communication /Programmable Logic Controller

POST—Power-On Self Test

PPI—Pixels Per Inch

PS/2—Personal System/2

PSU—Power Supply Unit

RAD—Rapid Application Development

RAM—Random Access Memory

RAID—Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks

RAIT—Redundant Array of Inexpensive Tapes

RF—Radio Frequency 
RGB—Red, Green, Blue (RGBA—Red, Green, Blue, Alpha)

RIP—Raster Image Processor /Routing Information Protocol

ROM—Read Only Memory

ROM-DOS—Read Only Memory - Disk Operating System

SATA—Serial ATA

SCSI—Small Computer System Interface

SDRAM—Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory

SFTP—Secure FTP /Simple File Transfer Protocol

SHDSL—Single-pair High-speed Digital Subscriber Line

SIMD—Single Instruction, Multiple Data

SIMM—Single Inline Memory Module

SPI—Serial Peripheral Interface

SPI—Stateful Packet Inspection

SVG—Scalable Vector Graphics

SVGA—Super Video Graphics Array

TB—Tera Byte

TCP/IP—Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

TDMA—Time Division Multiple Access

tmp—temporary

TTF—TrueType Font

TTL—Transistor-Transistor Logic

UPS—Uninterruptible Power Supply

URI—Uniform Resource Identifier

URL—Uniform Resource Locator

USB—Universal Serial Bus

UTF—Unicode Transformation Format

UTP—Unshielded Twisted Pair

VB—Visual Basic

VBA—Visual Basic for Applications

VBS—Visual Basic Script

VPN—Virtual Private Network

VPU—Visual Processing Unit

WAN—Wide Area Network

WAP—Wireless Access Point /Wireless Application Protocol

Wi-Fi—Wireless Fidelity

WLAN—Wireless Local Area Network

WMA—Windows Media Audio

WMV—Windows Media Video

WPAN—Wireless Personal Area Network

XML—eXtensible Markup Language

Y2K—Year Two Thousand

Here is the PDF link you can download it and keep it with you: You can Download it from here

Basic Computer Terms

Bit - A binary unit of data storage that can only be a value of 0 or 1.

BIOS - BIOS stands for 'Basic Input/Output System' and it is a low level program used by your system to interface to computer devices such as your video card, keyboard, mouse, hard drive, and other devces.

Boot - A term used to describe what happens to a computer when it is turned on, the operating system begins to run, and then the user is able to use the computer successfully.

Byte - 8 bits of data which has a possible value from 0 to 255.

CD-ROM disk - A disk with about 640Mb of storage capacity which are more commonly read than written to.

CD-ROM drive - The hardware component that is used to read a CD-ROM or write to it.

Crash - A common term used to describe what happens to a computer when software errors force it to quit operating and become unresponsive to a computer user.

Driver - A specially written program which understands the operation of the device it interfaces to, such as a printer, video card, sound card or CD ROM drive. It provides an interface for the operating system to use the device.

File - A collection of data into a permanent storage structure. Stored on a permanent storage media such as a computer hard drive.

Firmware - Software written into permanant storage into the computer.

Floppy disk - A low capacity storage media which can be written to as easily as it is read.

Floppy Drive - The hardware component that is used to read or write to a floppy disk.

Hardware - Describes the physical parts of your computer which you can physically touch or see such as your monitor, case, disk drives, microprocessor and other physical parts.

Internet - A network of networks which incorporate a many organizations, physical lines, the ability to route data, and many services including email and web browsing.

ISP - Internet Service Provider is an organization that provides the ability to connect to the internet for their customers. They also usually provide additional services such as e-mail and the ability to host web sites.

MIME - multipurpose internet mail extension

Memory - Used to provide the temporary storage of information function.

Network - A general term describing to the cables and electronic components that carry data between computers. It is also generally used to refer to the server computers that provide services such as printing, file sharing, e-mail, and other services.


Operating System - The core software component of a computer providing the ability to interface to peripheral and external devices along with program functions to support appllication programs.

Parallel - A data transmission method where data is sent on more than one line at a time. This may be any number of bits at a time, but is usually one word at a time (two bytes) or possibly three bytes at a time.

Protocols - A standard method used for communications or other internet and network functions.

Security flaw - A software bug allowing an attacker a method to gain anauthorized access to a system.

Serial - A data transmission method where data is sent on a single line and one bit is sent at at a time. This is similar to a line which one item must come one after another

Software - Describes the programs that run on your system.

Operating System - The core software component of a computer providing the ability to interface to peripheral and external devices along with program functions to support appllication programs.

Parallel - A data transmission method where data is sent on more than one line at a time. This may be any number of bits at a time, but is usually one word at a time (two bytes) or possibly three bytes at a time.

Protocols - A standard method used for communications or other internet and network functions.

Security flaw - A software bug allowing an attacker a method to gain unauthorized access to a system.

Serial - A data transmission method where data is sent on a single line and one bit is sent at at a time. This is similar to a line which one item must come one after another

Software - Describes the programs that run on your system.


SPAM - A term used to describe junk and unsolicited e-mail.

Storage Media - A term used to describe any magnetic device that computer data can be permanently stored on such as a hard drive or floppy drive.

Storage Media - A term used to describe any magnetic device that computer data can be permanently stored on such as a hard drive or floppy drive.

URL - Uniform Resource Locator is the term used to describe a link which points to a location of a file on the internet.

Virus - A program that runs on a system against the owner's or user's wishes and knowledge and can spread by infecting files or sending itself through e-mail

Vulnerability - Software errors that allow some kind of unauthorized access when they are used or exploited.

Word - Two bytes or 16 bits of data with a possible unsigned value from 0 to 16535.

Worm - A term used to describe an unwanted program that uses system or application vulnerabilities to infect a computer without the user doing anything but connecting to an infected network.

Error "Setup did not find any hard disk drives" during XP Installation

       installing Windows Operating System on SATA for those owning older mainboards with SATA support an extra step is required while attempting to install Windows XP. Windows XP does not provide drivers for all the SATA controllers, therefore, during the installation procedure, the user need to insert a floppy with the drivers that came in the package along with the motherboard.

The real problem comes with the Mechines like Notebook, Laptops and PC's that doesn't have a floppy disk drive connected. Actually i had that same problem and it makes me crazy for a while, im Expert installing Microsoft Windows on a PC in my life time i have installed O/S's more than 1000 times,but this thing makes really headache to me, Finally I found the answer and hear its for you.

  Install Windows XP on SATA (Laptop) without a Floppy (F6 Option)
       Very first before you begin the tutorial you need collect following tools(Software and CD's) and a good Computer that runs O/S Windows XP (Because in this Lesson i used Win XP SP2 ) and a CD Writer.

1. Download Microsoft .NET Framework that suitable for your computer and Install it.
• Identify your processor architecture is it cud be 32bit (x86) or 64bit (x64).
• 32bit (x86) for Win XP SP 1 from http://www.microsoft.com
• 64bit (x64) for Win XP SP 1 from http://www.microsoft.com
• 32bit (x86) for Win XP SP 2 from http://www.microsoft.com
• 64bit (x64) for Win XP SP 2 from http://www.microsoft.com
• Identify your Windows Service Pack Version.
• search on internet for suitable .NET framework for your machine.
2. Download N-Lite (He is the Goad ho doing Hole work) from http://www.nliteos.com and Install it.
( if you found a floppy image of drivers you need Total Commander to extract it )
3. Download Total Commander from http://www.ghisler.com and Install it.
4. Find on internet for suitable SATA Driver file for your computer,Download it and save it some wear safe.
5.  Get a working copy of  Windows XP Bootable CD (it will be genuine or not it doesn't matter, only matter is the Bootable CD is working properly on other PC's)
6.  
( This Step is Optional and its just for Safety - for test the boot image)
7. Download Virtual PC ( VPC 32bit , VPC 64bit ) From http://www.microsoft.com and Install it and Create a Virtual Machine on currant pc for test your Bootable CD

Okay, Lets begin the work

1. Install Downloaded Software's  on your machine
2. Put Bootable CD to your CD rom
3. Start N-Lite




Staring N-Lite

4. Select Botebale CD 



Select Windows Bootable CD



5. After Selecting CD Below Dialogue box Will appear and it ask the location to copy the files to Heard Disk



6. Create Folder To Copy files to the Hard Disk



Select Folder To Save Files on



7. N-Lite copying the files to the computer it will take a little time



8. N-Lite has finished copying files to the computer you can see the details of your files, Click Next



9. Click Next to skip this window and click next



10. Tear is a meny options on this window but in this case we only need to add the SATA drivers to the XP CD thats all so select Drivers in integrate category and we also need to create the image file that we can burn to the CD later.
 


11. Click on insert button and select multiple driver folder






12. Select the location of downloaded drivers



13. Click All to Select all the drivers



14. Use CTRL key to add multiple drivers, remember select only Win XP (32bit or x86) drivers for Win XP Bootable CD and also always select "text mode drivers" for Bootable CD.



CTRL to add separate drivers






After adding all the Drivers

15. After that it will ask you to start processing press yes and N-lite will create Bootable disk






16. Click on "make ISO" and select the path to save the image file

Select Location to Save the Bootable image file

Load the Image File to Virtual PC and check whether Bootable image is working properly or not if its working properly you are redy to boot your PC without F6 option or Disk unrecognized problem.